Getting Epinephrine & State Laws

Three questions decide what your organization can do: what your state's law allows, how you obtain the medication, and whether your state issues a standing order so you don't need to find your own physician. This page answers all three and links you to the source so you can verify it yourself.

We keep this current because it's genuinely hard to find in one place. You don't need to buy anything to use it.

10states hand a school a statewide standing order; two do for camps, gyms and workplaces
12require schools to stock undesignated epinephrine
28clearly allow nasal spray for undesignated stock use

Check your state

Last updated 2026-08-28

Choose a law to map it. Select any state for its citation, source and the date we last checked it.

Permission to stock and a standing order are two different things. Nearly every state lets schools keep undesignated epinephrine; a standing order is the prescriber's instruction that lets trained staff use it, and some states issue one for you so you don't have to find a physician.

Select a state or click the map for the short answer and its statute. Every state is also a row in the table below.

Epinephrine law by stateA map of the United States. Each state is filled according to its status for the selected law. Select a state for its full detail, citations and sources.AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingVermontVTNew HampshireNHMassachusettsMARhode IslandRIConnecticutCTNew JerseyNJDelawareDEMarylandMDDistrict of ColumbiaDC
  • Yes11(10 schools, 2 entities)
  • Not needed1
  • No28
  • Not yet verified11

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Color is paired with a written status everywhere it appears, so nothing depends on seeing hue. Flat gray states are not yet verified, not "no".

11 of 51 still being verified · last checked 2026-08-28 · know one? tell us and we'll cite it

This page is a starting point, not legal advice.

Laws change frequently and we may not have caught the latest amendment in your state. Every entry links to a primary source and shows when we last checked it. Confirm with your state department of health or education, your school district's counsel, or your medical director before relying on it. If you find something out of date, tell us and we'll fix it.

How to read this

  • Unconfirmed is not "no." It means we could not confirm a rule either way. It renders in a flat gray of its own so it never reads as settled.
  • Device rules can differ by entity. Several states made schools device-neutral while leaving the entity law auto-injector-only, so an answer can be true for a school and false for the camp next door.
  • Some rows have no source on file. Where that's true the page says so rather than implying a citation exists.

How organizations actually obtain stock epinephrine

"Stock" or "undesignated" epinephrine means devices kept on hand for anyone who needs them, rather than prescribed to a named person. Getting it takes two documents:

1. A prescription in your organization's name. Not a student's name, not an employee's: the school, camp, or business itself. Most states expressly allow this, and pharmacists can fill it.

2. A standing order. A written instruction from a prescriber describing when staff may administer, at what dose, and what to do afterward. This is what lets a trained non-nurse act in an emergency.

Everywhere else, you need a prescriber to sign one. Any physician, and in most states a nurse practitioner or physician assistant, can do it. Good places to ask: your district or organization's medical consultant, a local allergist, your county or district health officer, or a board member's physician.

The American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology publishes a free toolkit with a ready-to-use standing order template and prescription form an allergist can sign, designed exactly for this, because ACAAI found schools were struggling to obtain them. Bring it to the appointment already filled in.

ACAAI Emergency Epinephrine Allergists' Toolkit →

Then get the devices themselves, by whichever route fits: buy standard auto-injectors, EpiPen, Auvi-Q, or an authorized generic, through your usual pharmacy or medical supplier, which is what most organizations do and the only route open to non-school entities; apply to a free program if you're a K-12 school; or use a state purchasing program where one exists.

Ten states hand a school the second document

These issue a statewide standing order through their health department, so a school registers rather than recruits a physician. Only two cover camps, gyms, restaurants and workplaces: Utah and Wisconsin. Each state below links to who its order actually covers.

Wyoming goes further: districts there need no prescription at all.

Programs that supply epinephrine at no cost to K-12 schools

These cover schools only. Camps, childcare centers, restaurants, and workplaces generally have to purchase.

EPIPEN4SCHOOLS · Viatris

Four free EpiPen or EpiPen Jr auto-injectors (two 2-Pak cartons) to K-12 schools, plus free replenishment if used in an emergency, a training video, and trainer devices. Requires a valid prescription and a signed certification form. Administered by BioRidge Pharma.

Apply →

neffyinSchools · ARS Pharmaceuticals

Two cartons (four doses) of neffy nasal spray, free, to US public and private K-12 schools, but only where state law permits a non-auto-injector delivery system for undesignated stock use. Check your state above. Free replacement when used or expired.

Apply →Program details →

Elijah-Alavi Foundation

The Elijah-Alavi Foundation, the organization behind Elijah's Law, publishes training and policy resources for childcare programs.

Learn more →

Virginia schools

VDH central purchasing at government rates, plus a statewide standing order that already covers both auto-injectors and nasal spray.

Details →

All 51 jurisdictions

Epinephrine law by jurisdiction. Five statuses per jurisdiction, each linking to a page with its citation, source and verified date.
JurisdictionStanding orderSchoolsNasal sprayChildcarePublic places
AlabamaNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Pending[PENDING]Policy / training required[POLICY / TRAINING REQUIRED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
AlaskaUnconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]No[NO]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]
ArizonaYes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
ArkansasNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
CaliforniaYes[YES]Required[REQUIRED]Yes[YES]Required[REQUIRED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
ColoradoNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
ConnecticutNo[NO]Required[REQUIRED]Yes[YES]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
DelawareYes[YES]Required[REQUIRED]Yes[YES]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]No law[NO LAW]
District of ColumbiaYes[YES]Required[REQUIRED]No[NO]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]
FloridaNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
GeorgiaNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]No[NO]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
HawaiiNo[NO]No law[NO LAW]No[NO]No law[NO LAW]No law[NO LAW]
IdahoUnconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
IllinoisUnconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]Pending[PENDING]Policy / training required[POLICY / TRAINING REQUIRED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
IndianaYes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
IowaNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
KansasNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]No law[NO LAW]
KentuckyNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
LouisianaNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]No law[NO LAW]
MaineNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
MarylandNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Policy / training required[POLICY / TRAINING REQUIRED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
MassachusettsNo[NO]No law[NO LAW]No[NO]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]No law[NO LAW]
MichiganNo[NO]Required[REQUIRED]No[NO]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
MinnesotaYes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
MississippiNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]No[NO]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]No law[NO LAW]
MissouriNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Pending[PENDING]Policy / training required[POLICY / TRAINING REQUIRED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
MontanaNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]No law[NO LAW]
NebraskaNo[NO]Required[REQUIRED]No[NO]Policy / training required[POLICY / TRAINING REQUIRED]No law[NO LAW]
NevadaUnconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Required[REQUIRED]No[NO]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
New HampshireUnconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Required[REQUIRED]Yes[YES]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
New JerseyNo[NO]Required[REQUIRED]No[NO]No law[NO LAW]Permitted[PERMITTED]
New MexicoYes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]No[NO]No law[NO LAW]No law[NO LAW]
New YorkNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Policy / training required[POLICY / TRAINING REQUIRED]Required[REQUIRED]
North CarolinaNo[NO]Required[REQUIRED]Yes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
North DakotaUnconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]No[NO]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
OhioNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
OklahomaUnconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
OregonUnconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]Pending[PENDING]Permitted[PERMITTED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
PennsylvaniaNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]No[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
Rhode IslandUnconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]No[NO]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
South CarolinaUnconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
South DakotaNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]
TennesseeNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
TexasNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
UtahYes[YES]Required[REQUIRED]No[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
VermontNo[NO]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]
VirginiaYes[YES]Required[REQUIRED]Yes[YES]Required[REQUIRED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
WashingtonYes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
West VirginiaUnconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]No[NO]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
WisconsinYes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Yes[YES]Permitted[PERMITTED]Permitted[PERMITTED]
WyomingNot needed[NOT NEEDED]Permitted[PERMITTED]No[NO]Unconfirmed[UNCONFIRMED]No law[NO LAW]

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